The boundary judgment is for ‘the system’ to determine what lays inside and outside of it, as seen on the left side of Figure 3. The ‘flavor’ of the concept of boundary judgment is important because it clarifies how it differs from identity–other distinctions. In systems thinking literature, for example, boundary judgments (a phenomenon that is a subset of distinction making) were originally described as indicating “what information is considered relevant and what is considered superfluous, and are the result of value judgments”. Less clear however, is the underlying structure and dynamics of distinctions or the breadth of its application. In conclusion, these data suggest the observable and empirical existence, universality, efficacy, and parallelism (between cognitive and ontological complexity) of identity–other distinctions (D). These studies support-with high statistical significance-the predictions made by DSRP theory regarding identity–other distinctions including its: universality as an observable phenomenon in both mind (cognitive complexity) and nature (ontological complexity) (i.e., parallelism) internal structures and dynamics mutual dependencies on other universals (i.e., relationships, systems, and perspectives) role in structural predictions and efficacy as a metacognitive skill.
The samples varied for each study (ranging from N = 407 to N = 34,398) and were generalizable to a normal distribution of the US population.
#Synonym for summarize software#
This paper presents seven empirical studies in which (unless otherwise noted) software was used to create an experiment for subjects to complete a task and/or answer a question. Cabrera provides a formal description of and predictions for identity–other distinctions (D) or “D-rule” as one of four universals for the organization of information that is foundational to systems and systems thinking, as well as the consilience of knowledge. The transdisciplinary importance of distinctions is well-established as foundational to such diverse phenomena as recognition, identification, individual and social identity, marginalization, externalities, boundaries, concept formation, etc., and synonymous general ideas, such as thingness, concepts, nodes, objects, etc.
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